Visa Secure, MasterCard Identity Check, and AMEX SafeKey 2.0 utilize what type of security protocols?

Visa Secure, MasterCard Identity Check, and AMEX SafeKey 2.0 utilize EMV 3D Secure protocols. These protocols are designed specifically to enhance online payment security by adding an additional verification step during the authentication process when a cardholder makes an online transaction.

When a customer attempts to make a purchase, the EMV 3D Secure protocols allow issuers to authenticate the user's identity, mitigating the risk of fraud. This is achieved through methods such as one-time passwords, biometric verification, or challenge questions, which are presented to the cardholder. The EMV 3D Secure framework improves the user experience by providing a straightforward and secure way for consumers to verify their identities in real-time without lengthy processes.

The other options provided refer to different types of technologies that serve various security purposes but do not align with the specific functionalities and mandates of the tools mentioned in the question. For instance, tokenization refers to replacing sensitive information with a non-sensitive equivalent, SSL protocols relate to secure internet communication, and OAuth pertains to authorization protocols for third-party applications. Thus, identifying the correct link to EMV 3D Secure protocols is vital in understanding how these specific payment security measures operate.