Which of the following is an example of financial crime?

Bribery and corruption are clear examples of financial crime as they involve illicit activities aimed at gaining unfair advantages or benefits in financial transactions or business operations. These acts undermine trust in financial systems and can involve significant legal penalties for those involved.

Financial crime encompasses a range of illegal activities that intentionally exploit financial systems for personal or corporate gain, including fraud, money laundering, and insider trading. Bribery and corruption fall squarely into this category as they typically involve the exchange of money or favors in return for influence or actions that violate legal and ethical standards.

The other options, such as conducting market research, genuine profit-making, and effective risk management, do not involve illegal activities and are integral aspects of legitimate business practices. They focus on understanding markets, achieving profitability through lawful means, and managing risks effectively—all of which are essential for sustainable business operations and do not constitute financial crime.