Which type of risk involves the potential for loss due to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates?

The correct answer, which identifies the type of risk involving potential loss due to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, is FX or currency risk. This type of risk arises when there are changes in currency exchange rates that can affect the value of transactions, assets, or liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. For instance, if a company has sales or debts in a foreign currency, a decline in that currency's value relative to the home currency can lead to a loss when those amounts are converted back.

FX or currency risk is particularly significant for businesses engaged in international trade or investment, as it can impact profit margins and financial stability. Companies often use various strategies, such as hedging through financial instruments, to manage and mitigate this risk.

Operational risk, credit risk, and counterparty risk, while also important in the broader context of financial transactions and investments, do not specifically pertain to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Operational risk encompasses risks arising from failures in internal processes, systems, or people. Credit risk involves the possibility that a borrower will default on a financial obligation, while counterparty risk refers to the risk that the other party in a transaction will not fulfill their contractual obligations. These risks are relevant in various financial contexts but do not directly address the fluctuations in currency